The manufacturer’s encroachment strategy in the presence of the retailer’s in-store service
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We examine the manufacturer’s encroachment strategy in the supply chain in the presence of the retailer’s in-store service. The manufacturer has the option of encroachment with a direct channel, and the retailer has the option of providing in-store service. If the retailer decides to offer service, it sets the service level. We show that in the presence of in-store service, the manufacturer is less likely to encroach on the retail market than in the absence of in-store service. The retailer always prefers to provide in-store service. If the manufacturer decides to encroach, it will strategically use its direct channel with no sales as a threat to the retailer, independent of whether or not the retailer provides in-store service. The retailer can be better off with manufacturer encroachment, but it can be worse off when consumer sensitivity to in-store service is very low. We show that the retailer can strategically employ in-store service to deter the manufacturer’s encroachment when the consumer sensitivity to in-store service is sufficiently high.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.007 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".