A Paradigm Shift in Trauma Treatment: Converging Evidence for a Novel Adaptation of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Keywords posttraumatic stress disorder, Brainspotting TM , eye movement desensitization and reprocessing Available treatments for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) result in a significant reduction in symptoms in only 30% of individuals.Residual symptoms frequently persist and relapses occur; this reality has propelled continued research on fear extinction mechanisms, and effective therapies for PTSD.One such advancement has been Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) therapy.Notwithstanding the risks of bias in consensus guidelines and the meta-analyses on which they are based, EMDR is described as equally effective as trauma-focused CBT (TF-CBT) and superior to stress management in the treatment of PTSD in the Canadian Clinical Guidelines put out by the Anxiety Disorders Association of Canada in 2014.Further, EMDR is a first-line recommended treatment, along with TF-CBT, in the National Institute of Care Excellence (NICE) and Australian and New Zealand treatment guidelines.During EMDR, patients are instructed to recall a traumatic memory while simultaneously orienting to alternating bilateral visual stimulation.EMDR appears to interfere with memory reconsolidation after traumatic memory recollection.Pre-clinical work suggests the involvement of superior colliculus-mediodorsal thalamic-amygdalar pathways as potential neural substrates underlying clinical responses to EMDR. 1 Further, a growing body of research demonstrating an intersection between the oculomotor and hippocampal memory systems suggests that eye position might play a crucial role in this relation, and thus in EMDR therapy. 2 Eye fixations on the same spatial location(s) as when an item was learned appears to play an important role in its successful memory retrieval, though scan path (i.e., eye movement) is also critical.3 Since EMDR was developed, various adaptations have emerged.These variants share common features: awareness of body sensations, imagination-based exposure, and visuo-motor attention.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.010 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".