Production of Benzene by the Hydrodemethylation of Toluene with Carbon‐Supported Potassium Hydride
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The hydrodemethylation (HDM) of toluene to benzene is an industrial process performed at elevated temperatures (≈500 °C and higher). Here, it was reported that heating graphite‐supported potassium hydride (KH/C) with toluene under H2 atmosphere provided benzene already at 125–250 °C. Depending on the H2 pressure, the reaction was either substoichiometric ( ≤11 bar) or catalytic ( ≥50 bar) with respect to KH, indicating that KH may serve as a radical chain initiator. At 250 °C, the selectivity to benzene was 98 and 63 % when using 6 and 80 bar of H2, respectively, owing to the competing formation of cyclohexane and methylcyclohexane at high H2 pressure. The used KH/C material was amenable to recycling without a notable loss in the yield of benzene.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".