Reply to: When did mammoths go extinct?
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Since the inception of ancient environmental DNA (eDNA) research, considerable attention has been paid to the depositional and diagenetic processes of DNA molecules in different sediments and settings 1 . Understanding those processes is critical to determine whether the recovered DNA is of the same age as the deposit in which it is found. It is therefore not unreasonable to ask, as Miller and Simpson have 2 in response to our recently published eDNA study of 50,000 years of Arctic ecosystem changes 3 , whether remains of long-dead megafauna might have contributed older DNA to younger deposits. They propose that this may account for our finding that mammoths persisted into the Holocene epoch in the continental Arctic.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.006 | 0.028 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.008 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.005 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.109 | 0.063 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.013 | 0.013 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".