From the Studio to the Stage: Bruno Mars, Liveness, and the Out-of-Tune Voice in “Locked Out of Heaven” (2012)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Bruno Mars excels in his live performances. However, the studio version of the song “Locked Out of Heaven,” from his Unorthodox Jukebox album (2012), is distinctly different from his live performances of the piece in its pitch accuracy. How can we address this contrast, beyond the possibilities of negligence, accidents, or even conscious choices? The answer might reside in an analogy between the inaccurate pitch of the studio song and the video clip, where the director, Cameron Duddy, imitates the deficiencies of a VHS cassette, at the same time utilizing the spontaneity of Mars’s live band. According to Sanden, the removal of human imperfections can often make a performance seem less live. After analyzing the live and recorded vocal performances (with the help of re-mediatized performances we found on the internet), Duddy’s video clip, as well as the critical discourse on liveness in popular music, we argue that such a song re-establishes the power balance between the “final” version of the album and the one presented by pop artists on stage: Bruno Mars offers a new take on the consequences of discomorphosis, thanks to a surprisingly parsimonious use of pitch-correction technology within a meticulously produced pop song.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.009 | 0.012 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.007 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".