Vespa velutina nigrithorax venom allergy: inhibition studies approach for the choice of specific immunotherapy
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background.Vespa velutina nigrithorax (VVN), commonly known as Asian wasp because endemic in Asia, represents an alien species in Europe.VVN can induce allergic reactions similar to those caused by other Hymenoptera and death after VVN stings, presumably due to fatal allergic reactions, has been reported.In the treatment of Hymenoptera venom hypersensitivity, specific immunotherapy (VIT) is highly effective.Currently, there is no specific available VIT for VVN, so it is relevant to assess if patients stung by VVN and showing allergic reactions could be treated with the Hymenoptera commercially available extracts Vespa crabro (VC) and Vespula spp.(Vspp) or if they need the specific VIT with VVN venom extract.Methods.Four patients with a clinical history of systemic reactions after VVN sting were evaluated.Serum specific IgE were assayed quantitatively with an automated fluoro-enzyme immunoassay ImmunoCAP™ Specific IgE by Phad-ia™ 1000 System (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Uppsala, Sweden) for VC, Vspp and VVN.Cap inhibition assays were performed incubating serum samples with 200 μl of each venom at increasing concentrations and subsequently specific IgE against each of the venoms were determined in the samples by Phadia™ 250 System (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Uppsala, Sweden).Results.Our results suggested that both Vspp and VC venoms were able to inhibit the specific IgE for VVN, although the VC compared to the Vspp venom showed a higher inhibition.Conclusions.Our inhibition studies suggested that VIT with VC venom, nowadays when there is not specific available VIT for VVN, may be more effective than Vspp VIT in patients with VVN sting reactions.Impact statement Since it is currently not available VIT for VVN, our results suggested that VIT with VC venom may be more effective in patients with VVN sting reaction. StatisticsThe differences in the mean inhibition in percentage between VC against VVN and Vspp against VVN were tested using a t-test for paired samples (27) at each dosage.Similarly, at each dosage, the coherence between the values in the inhibition assay was assessed by a Pearson Linear Correlation (28).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".