Cooperative Redox Transitions Drive Electrocatalysis of the Oxygen Evolution Reaction on Cobalt–Iron Core–Shell Nanoparticles
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Transition metal oxides are promising materials for the development of cost-effective catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in alkaline media. Understanding the catalysts’ transformations occurring during the harsh oxidative conditions of the OER remains a bottleneck for the development of stable and active catalysts. Here, we studied redox transformations of core–shell Fe 3 O 4 @CoFe 2 O 4 oxide nanoparticles over a wide range of potentials by using operando near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy in total electron yield (TEY) detection mode. The analysis of the NEXAFS spectra reveals that the Fe 3 O 4 core strongly affects the surface chemistry of the CoFe 2 O 4 shell under the OER conditions. The spinel structure of the particles with Co (II) in the shell is preserved at potentials as high as 1.8 V vs RHE, at which Co (II) is expected to be oxidized into Co (III); whereas Fe (II) in the core is reversibly oxidized to Fe (III).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".