Macro- and micromorphology reveal four entities in the highly variable <i>Oxalis polymorpha</i> Mart. ex Zucc. (Oxalidaceae)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Leaf morphoanatomy can provide useful information for the taxonomy of morphologically similar species or the recognition of infraspecific taxa. Here, we evaluated the taxonomic utility of leaf morphological and anatomical characters for the recognition of distinct morphologies currently placed under Oxalis polymorpha Mart. ex Zucc., a highly polymorphic species of Oxalis from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. We analyzed leaves of 13 specimens gathered from five populations throughout the species' geographic distribution. Leaf samples were analyzed under light and scanning electron microscopy. We observed differences in the leaf blade venation patterns, in the indumentum of petioles and leaf blades, in the pulvinar vascular tissue configuration, and in the midrib tissue organization. The variation in these characters allowed us to recognize four different morphotypes among these samples. These morphotypes are geographically disjunct and differ among each other in additional morphological features, such as leaf arrangement along the stem, leaflet shape, inflorescence position, petal color, and fruit shape. Oxalis polymorpha is a good candidate for investigating if phylogenetic relationships support recognition of each of its morphotypes at the species level.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".