Transcriptomic profiling of the adult reptilian dentition sheds light on the genes regulating indefinite tooth replacement
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The aim of this study is to profile the transcriptome of teeth and the surrounding tissues of an adult lizard dentition ( Eublepharis macularius ) that is actively replacing teeth throughout life. Bulk RNAseq was used to compare teeth that are in function versus unerupted, developing teeth and single cell RNA-seq was carried out on jaw segments containing the dental forming tissues. In bulk RNAseq data, we found that functional teeth expressed genes involved in bone and tooth resorption. Indeed, multinucleated odontoclasts were abundant in tissue sections of functional teeth undergoing resorption. Unexpectedly, chemotaxis gene SEMA3A was expressed within odontoblasts and in adjacent mesenchyme, confirmed using RNAscope. Semaphorins may be involved in regulating odontoclasts during tooth resorption. The scRNA-seq experiment successfully isolated dental mesenchyme and epithelial cells. We confirmed that some of these genes are expressed in the earliest tooth buds within the tooth forming field. In addition, we found evidence of convergent evolution in the tooth eruption trait. Geckos evolved a means for second generation teeth to communicate with the functional teeth. Instead of a dental follicle inducing an eruption pathway as in the mammal, the gecko and other squamate reptiles use the enamel organ of the successional teeth to trigger tooth resorption of the functional teeth, thus creating an eruption pathway. New molecules such as SEMA3A and SFRP2 may also participate in this process. Future studies on the gecko will uncover the molecular basis of convergent evolution in the dentition.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".