Arthropod prey and diets of woodland migrants are similar between natural riparian woodlands and anthropogenic woodlots in the northern prairie region
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Migration is an energetically expensive activity with important links to population dynamics of migratory birds. Identification of high-quality stopover habitat to support migratory refueling is, therefore, important for woodland migrant conservation. Woodland habitat is scarce in the northern prairie region, consisting of natural riparian corridor woodlands (corridors) and anthropogenic woodlots (woodlots), but supports large numbers of migrant birds during stopover. To assess prey abundance, diet composition, and effects of prey abundance on the energetic condition of insectivorous migrant landbirds at corridors and woodlots in the northern prairie region, we sampled arthropods from the two habitats and collected fecal samples to ascertain migrant bird diets during spring and fall migrations. We found that standardized arthropod counts and biomass from all sampling methods showed no consistent differences between corridors and woodlots in either season. Araneae, Coleoptera, Hemiptera, Diptera, and Hymenoptera were the dominant arthropod taxa in both seasons for both habitats. Migrant diets contained large proportions of Coleoptera, Diptera, and Hemiptera in fall and Hymenoptera, Coleoptera, and Diptera in spring at both habitats. Dietary analyses of percentage biomass revealed different patterns, with Lepidoptera highest in both seasons. Annual differences in arthropod counts and biomass were evident for both seasons, with lower counts and biomass in fall 2011 than in fall 2010 and in spring 2011 than in springs of 2010 and 2012. Only arthropods collected by sticky traps were positively correlated with plasma metabolites associated with refueling rates, and habitat type was not a significant predictor of plasma metabolite levels. These data collectively suggest that arthropods were present in sufficient abundance and diversity at both corridors and woodlots for migrant birds to successfully refuel at these riparian stopover sites.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".