Physical and numerical modelling of infiltration and runoff in unsaturated exposed soil using a rainfall simulator
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Context Tropical soils have complex hydromechanical behaviour compared to ordinary soils and are often found in regions with well-defined wet and dry seasons. The analysis of the interaction between the soil and the atmosphere comprises understanding of multiple phenomena, such as infiltration and runoff. Unfortunately, the dynamics of soil–atmosphere interaction are commonly modelled at the watershed scale, using average parameters that do not allow an in depth understanding of the soil–water phenomena involved. Aims This paper presents an investigation of the soil–atmosphere interaction at the local scale, using numerical and physical modelling of the infiltration and runoff of an exposed tropical soil in a laboratory rainfall simulator. Methods The effect of rainfall with two different intensities of 86.0 and 200.0 mm h-1 was used to physically and numerically evaluate infiltration parameters, runoff, volumetric water content, and degree of saturation at five locations in the soil specimen. Key results Calibration of the numerical model showed a maximum root-mean-square error of 0.17. In addition, the modelling exercises indicated the need for an equilibrium time of 48 h for the sample studied under the imposed conditions. Conclusions Results of numerical simulation showed that the representation of the physical model by the numerical model was satisfactory and promising. Thus, the numerical model showed applicability for validating the boundary conditions of physical tests using rainfall simulators.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it