Sparsity-Free Compressed Sensing With Applications to Generative Priors
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We study the problem of reconstructing a high-dimensional signal$\mathrm {x} \in \mathbb {R}^{n}$from a low-dimensional noisy linear measurement$\mathrm {y}=\mathrm {M}\mathrm {x}+\mathrm {e} \in \mathbb {R}^{\ell }$, assuming x admits a certain structure. We model the measurement matrix as M = BA, with arbitrary$\mathrm {B} \in \mathbb {R}^{\ell \times m}$and sub-gaussian$\mathrm {A} \in \mathbb {R}^{m \times n}$; therefore allowing for a family of random measurement matrices which may have heavy tails, dependent rows and columns, and a large dynamic range for the singular values. The structure is either given as a non-convex cone$T \subset \mathbb {R}^{n}$, or is induced via minimizing a given convex function$f(\cdot)$, hence our study is sparsity-free. We prove, in both cases, that an approximate empirical risk minimizer robustly recovers the signal if the effective number of measurements is sufficient, even in the presence of a model mismatch, i.e., the signal not exactly admitting the model’s structure. While in classical compressed sensing the number of independent (sub)-gaussian measurements regulates the possibility of a robust reconstruction, in our setting the effective number of measurements depends on the properties of B. We show that, in this model, the stable rank of B indicates the effective number of measurements, and an accurate recovery is guaranteed whenever it exceeds, to within a constant factor, the effective dimension of the structure set. We apply our results to the special case of generative priors, i.e., when x is close to the range of a Generative Neural Network (GNN) with ReLU activation functions. Also, if the GNN has random weights in the last layer, our theory allows a partial Fourier measurement matrix, thus taking the first step towards a theoretical analysis of compressed sensing MRI with GNN. Our work relies on a recent result in random matrix theory by Jeong et al. (2020).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.015 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".