Ischemia-reperfusion induces interferon-regulatory-factor-4 in renal dendritic cells which suppresses postischemic inflammation and prevents acute renal failure. (98.1)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Acute renal failure is still a serious medical problem that causes substantial morbidity and mortality. Ischemia-reperfusion (IR) activates TLRs causing inflammation and kidney injury. We hypothesized that certain factors suppress dendritic cell activation and thereby limit sterile renal inflammation, e.g. interferon-regulatory-factor (IRF)-4. Bi- or unilateral renal clamping was carried out for C57BL/6 (WT) and IRF4-knockout (IRF4-/-) mice. Known functions of the transcription factor IRF4 are the maturation of B cells, T cells and macrophages. Oxidative stress induced IRF4 expression in myeloid cells in-vitro as well as in the postischemic kidney. Lack of IRF4 aggravated acute renal failure after renal artery clamping together with increased intrarenal expression of TNF-α, IL-6, CXCL2, and CCL2 as well as excessive tubular necrosis and neutrophil influx. Consistent with these results we observed higher creatinine and urea levels in the serum of IRF4-/-mice after IR. This effect almost entirely depended on the role of IRF4 to suppress TNF-α release by intrarenal dendritic cells. Both clodronate depletion of these cells and TNF-α blockade with etanercept entirely abrogated the aggravation of cytokine expression and acute renal failure in Irf4-deficient mice. Thus, loss-of-function mutations in the IRF4 gene predispose to IR injury because the postischemic induction of IRF4 in resident dendritic cells suppresses them to secrete TNF-α and thereby limits immunopathology.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".