The interaction of classical complement component C1 with parasite and host calreticulin mediates <i>Trypanosoma cruzi</i> infection of human placenta (P3062)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract 13 million people are infected with Trypanosoma cruzi in Latin America, plus more than 300,000 in the USA, Canada, Europe, Australia, and Japan. An important number develops circulatory or digestive syndromes. While in poor countries transmission is mainly through arthropod vectors, transplacental infection prevails in developed ones. T. cruzi calreticulin (TcCRT) translocates from the endoplasmic reticulum to the area of flagellum emergence, acting as a virulence factor because it binds maternal complement C1. As measured by qPCR in human placenta chorionic villi explants (HPCVE), C1q mediated up to a 4-fold increase in infectivity. Because anti-TcCRT and anti-HuCRT F(ab')2 antibody fragments are devoid of their Fc-dependent capacity to recruit C1q, they completely reverted the C1q-mediated infectivity by respectively preventing its interaction with cell-bound parasite and HPCVE CRTs. This was corroborated by using competing fluid-phase recombinant TcCRT or human CRT and by a high expression of fetal CRT on free villi. Increased C1q-mediated infection is paralleled by fetal syncytiotrophoblast damage, that is reverted by anti-TcCRT F(ab')2 fragments or fluid-phase HuCRT. Most likely, C1q bridges CRT on the parasite with its placenta orthologue, thus facilitating their first encounter. The placental explants assay used in these studies is the closest ex vivo available correlate now revealing a plausible new mechanism of human congenital T. cruzi infection.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".