Mild acidosis delays neutrophil apoptosis and enhances pro-survival signals from inflammatory mediators
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Emerging evidence indicates that local acidosis associated with infection and tissue injury triggers innate and adaptive immunity. Activation of infiltrating neutrophils contributes to transient drop in pH. We investigated the impact of extracellular acidosis on neutrophil apoptosis, one of the check points in the outcome of the inflammatory response, and on the survival signals generated by bacterial DNA and serum amyloid A. Culture of human isolated neutrophils under mild acidosis (pH 6.5–7.0) resulted in concurrent activation of NF-κB, adenyl cyclase and the ERK and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways, leading to preservation of Mcl-1. Consequently, extracellular acidosis prevented disruption of mitochondrial transmembrane potential and translocation of cytochrome c, endonuclease G and apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) from the mitochondria to cytoplasm and nuclei, respectively and attenuated activation of caspase-3. Pharmacological inhibition of ERK, PI3K, NF-κB and adenylcyclase partially reversed the anti-apoptotic action of acidosis. Furthermore, mild acidosis enhanced the pro-survival signal from bacterial DNA and serum amyloid A by enhancing ERK and PI3K-mediated inhibition of Mcl-1 degradation. Our results identify mild acidosis as a survival signal for neutrophils by suppressing the constitutive apoptotic machinery and suggest that transient decreases in local pH could contribute to amplification of inflammation. Funding Support: Supported by grants from CIHR (MOP-97742).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".