Differential phenotypes and localization of CD8 T cell responses to acute and chronic viral infections
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Norovirus is the most common viral cause of gastroenteritis globally. Most infections are either acute, symptomatic, and rapidly cleared or persist asymptomatically. However, the mechanisms underlying these outcomes are unknown. MNV-CW3 and -CR6 are murine noroviruses which demonstrate immune correlates of acute and chronic infection respectively. This research interrogates the mechanisms underlying strain-specific differential antiviral CD8 T cell responses to acute or chronic MNV. At days 3, 4, 5 and 8 post-infection, the phenotype and quantity of adoptively transferred MNV specific CD8 T cells in the spleen, mesenteric lymph node (MLN), and intestines are analyzed by flow cytometry. Concurrently, fluorescent microscopy is used to determine the biogeographical distribution of antiviral CD8 T cells throughout the intestine. Flow cytometry shows activated MNV-specific CD8 T cells first accumulate in the MLN following oral infection with either virus suggesting this is the site of immune activation though CR6 infection results in a delayed, reduced CD8 T cell response as shown by CFSE dilution. Supporting the MLN as a primary initiation site of the antiviral CD8 T cell response, prevention of T cell egress from activation sites by FTY720 treatment enriches activated CD8 T cells in the MLN in CW3 infections with a concurrent decrease in the spleen. Furthermore, by day 8 post-infection CD8 T cell populations are skewed to memory precursors or short-lived effectors in CW3 and CR6, respectively. These data suggest these highly related viral strains may induce activation of distinct populations of, or pathways in, APC populations with long-lasting effects on CD8 T cell function and the outcome of infection.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".