Identification of human endogenous retrovirus (HERV-K(HML-2))-specific mucosal CD4+ T cell responses in HIV-1-exposed, seronegative individuals (P6195)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The transcriptional silence of human endogenous retroviruses (HERV) can be disrupted in HIV-1 infection. We have reported that the strength of the HERV-specific CD8+ T cell response predicts lower HIV-1 viral load in untreated adults. To determine whether HERV-K immunity plays a role in inhibiting HIV-1 replication at a major site of transmission and CD4+ T cell depletion, we assessed these responses in gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) from rectosigmoid biopsies and blood of HIV-1 exposed, seronegative (HESN) individuals (n=6) by flow cytometry. CMV pp65- and HIV-1 Gag-specific T cells were also measured, and all responses were compared with peripheral antigen-specific responses in uninfected, low-risk controls (n=11). With the exception of stronger CMV-specific CD8+ T cell responses in the HESN group (p=0.024), there were no significant differences between the magnitudes of peripheral antigen-specific T cell responses in the HESN vs. controls. However, HESN subjects had remarkably robust mucosal HIV-1- (median %CD4+cytokine+cells=2.67) and HERV-specific (median %CD4+cytokine+cells=3.41) CD4+ responses, which were much stronger than the corresponding PBMC responses (p=0.0079 and p<0.0001, respectively). These findings suggest that the GALT is an important site of HERV-K expression and immunity in individuals exposed to HIV-1, and should be further investigated in the context of novel vaccine strategies that target conserved antigens such as HERV.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".