The Effects of Supplementary Cementitious Materials (SCMs) on the Residual Mechanical Properties of Concrete after Exposure to High Temperatures—Review
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Fire events remain a severe hazard despite significant progress in the construction industry. The high-temperature resistance of concrete structures highly depends on the properties of their ingredients. The present study provides an analytical review of the available experimental studies investigating the influence of high temperatures on the residual mechanical characteristics of concrete, namely compressive and tensile strength, as well as the modulus of elasticity. This paper primarily focuses on the influences of supplementary cementing materials, including silica fume (SF), fly ash (FA), and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS), as well as different aggregate types. The literature findings show that the mechanical characteristics of concrete are degraded dramatically due to heat-caused changes in concrete. In addition, the mechanical properties of concrete are highly influenced by the types of aggregate and the amount of supplementary cementing materials at both high temperatures and room temperature. The inclusion of FA and GGBFS improves the high-temperature resistance of concrete. However, high contents of FA and GGBFS result in adverse effects on the properties of concrete. This review will provide a basis for future studies and enhance the knowledge of the behaviour of reinforced concrete structures subjected to high temperatures.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it