Semi-supervised learning from coarse histopathology labels
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Ultrasound imaging is commonly used to guide sampling the prostate tissue in transrectal biopsies, followed by detection of cancer through histopathological analysis and coarse labelling of sampled tissue. Ideally, the procedure should be improved by developing machine learning solutions that can identify the presence of cancer in ultrasound images to guide the biopsy procedure. Training a fully supervised learning model using coarse histopathology labels suffers from weakly annotated data which introduce label noise for each image pixel. To address this challenge, we propose a semi-supervised framework for learning with noisy labels. We leverage a two-component mixture model to cluster the training data into clean and noisy label samples based on their loss values. Then, during the semi-supervised training phase, we utilise the well-known MixMatch algorithm which incorporates consistency regularisation, entropy minimisation, and the Mixup regularisation as well as the cross-entropy loss function for noisy and clean sets, respectively. We evaluate the proposed framework with prostate ultrasound data obtained from 71 subjects, while sampling 264 biopsy cores. We achieve balanced accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of 78.6%, 80.0%, and 77.1%, respectively. In a detailed comparison study, we demonstrate that our proposed framework outperforms the fully supervised method with state-of-the-art robust loss functions.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it