CD206+MHCII− macrophages present in the neonatal but not adult intestine do not derive from LysM monocytes and are decreased in experimental Necrotizing Enterocolitis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is an intestinal disease targeting premature infants. While not well understood, its pathogenesis involves an underdeveloped intestinal immune system. In the neonate, this system is primarily innate, with Cx3cr1+ intestinal macrophages (Mφ) being the predominant population. In the murine neonatal intestine, the Cx3cr1+ compartment contains embryonic self-renewing Mφ (Ly6C− CD64+ MHCII+ Tim4+) that are largely replaced by monocyte-derived-Mφ at weaning, while only a small population of Tim4+ cells persist in adults. However, how inflammation affects the neonatal intestinal Mφ compartment is not known. Using flow cytometry, we found the neonatal but not adult murine intestine to contain a population of Cx3cr1Hi CD64Hi MHCII− cells (30.62% ± 1.6 of Cx3cr1+ cells). 28.7% ± 1.8 of these cells express CD206, a known marker of embryonic origin in other tissues. While 34.4% ± 1.2 of total CD206+ cells expressed Tim4 in dam fed pups, it increased to 49.3% ± 0.51 p≤ 0.01 in pups exposed to experimental NEC for 24 hours. This CD206+ Tim4+ subset was mainly MHCII+. When Cx3cr1-expressing cells were depleted (Cx3cr1-Cre CSFR1-DTR mice), all Cx3cr1-expressing cells were depleted, including CD206+ MHCII−and+, but not Ly6C+ monocytes. In contrast, when LysM-Cre was used (LysM-Cre CSFR1-DTR mice), pups had decreased Ly6C+ monocytes but the CD206+ MHCII−and+ populations were not depleted. These results were confirmed by immunofluorescent staining for CD206 and IBA-1. Thus, we conclude that neonatal intestinal CD206+ MHCII−or+ cells do not derive from LysM+ monocytes. We speculate that CD206+ MHCII− cells acquire MHCII during NEC thus decreasing the CD206+ MHCII− pool. Supported by NIH DK116568 (IDP)
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".