Celebrating 50 years of optometry education in Norway.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We are nearing the end of 2022. The year when the Norwegian optometry education celebrated 50 years of innovation and excellence. Congratulations, Norway! During these 50 years the professional education has gone from being a craft to becoming a health care profession with education at bachelor's, master's and doctoral level. It all started in Kongsberg in 1972, with a 2-year vocational training program in optics at Tinius Olsens Tekniske School under the leadership of Jacob Kjell Hultgren. In 1977, this became a 2-year engineering college level degree program, which was extended to a 3-year degree program in 1987. This took place under the leadership of Kjell Inge Daae, a visionary leader who motivated and inspired many of today's staff to travel to the UK, Australia and Canada to build on their education and later to work towards and obtain PhDs. He understood the need for the education to be researchbased and the need to have staff that engaged in research as an integrated part of the education program.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".