Greener and scalable mechanosynthesis of bis(3-indolyl)methane as an example of versatile pharmaceutical scaffold: Is the mechanochemical technique a metal-free process?
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The metal-free feature of mechanosynthesis of bis(3-indolyl)methane derivatives using poly(4-vinyl pyridine), a commercially available functional polymer, by ball mill technique at ambient conditions was studied. The condensation of various carbonyl compounds with two indoles smoothly proceeded, and pure products were easily isolated in high to excellent yields. Poly(4-vinylpyridine) exhibited high recyclability without any loss of catalytic activity or change in the chemical structure. The influence of polymer M̅W with a certain PDI on the mechanosynthesis of BIMs was investigated. In addition, the effect of the ball and jar with zirconium oxide material was studied on the rate and yield of the BIMs synthesis process. The method was scalable and generated minimal hazardous wastes. Some merits of the current methodology are such as the good to high yields for various carbonyl compounds and avoiding the use of toxic, expensive, and metal-containing catalysts with a tedious process of preparation, separation, and purification.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".