Health related Quality of Life and Relative Attributes among Substance Users
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Substance abuse is one of the most harmful widespread public health consequence. The prevalence of drug abuse has been increasing rapidly all over the world. Recently, in Bangladesh substance abuse is recognized as a grave health and social problem which threatening the whole nation. Methods: A cross-sectional study was directed to assess health related quality of life and relative attributes among 235 substance users of Central treatment center and Brain and Life hospital situated in Dhaka. The questionnaire was prepared by using HRQoLDA scale. Results: The mean age of substance users was 32.29±11.47 year. Two-thirds of the respondents (74.8%) were under graduate and worked in different profession. Most the respondents came from joint families (50.6%) and low income families (45.1%).The majority of the respondents used ganja (79.6%) followed by yaba (45.5%), alcohol (35.7%), injectable drugs(30.0%), fensidil (14.9%), tablet (9.8%) and rest heroine (9.4%). Two-thirds of the respondents started using drug by friends influence (67.2%) followed by family issues (28.1%), depression (21.7%) and rest other causes (10.6%).There were several significant associations were found between the variables as presence of any physical pain, presence of sleeping disturbance, presence of nausea, presence of lack of energy or tiredness, presence of depression, presence of aggressiveness, presence of recalling problem, presence of hallucination (a) auditory (b) Visual , presence of concentration problem, presence of disorientation problem, use of illicit drug to feel better physically, use of illicit drug to feel better mentally, presence of any physical pain which interfere daily activities, felt deterioration of physical condition, felt deterioration of mental condition, getting care from surrounding people, presence of any family problem, Believe if drug use reduce social activities, believe if some people can quit drug and the total mean scores of HRQOL. Age, education, Occupation, family income, duration of using of drug, and number of time of using of drug per day were statistically significant (p<0.05) with the total mean scores of HRQOL. Marital status and with drawal effects such as restlessness, loss of temper, insomnia were also statistically significant (p<0.05) with the total mean scores of HRQOL. Conclusion: This study revealed that the total health related quality of life among substance users were not satisfactory. Implementation of public awareness programs and strong legislation can improve the health related quality of life of the substance users and help in reducing the substance abuse in the both individual and community level.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".