Sea level response to late Pliocene-Quaternary erosion and deposition in Scandinavia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Erosion and deposition can perturb regional sea level significantly by altering the Earth's surface and by redistributing mass. However, no studies have investigated the importance of these geomorphic processes for glacial settings on glacial-interglacial time scales, despite large erosion rates and the inherent importance of sea-level changes for ice-sheet dynamics and stability. Here we quantify how glacial erosion and depositional processes have affected relative sea level in western Scandinavia where glacial activity has reoccured periodically throughout the late Pliocene-Quaternary. By comparing offshore sediment volumes with onshore topographic relief, we quantify erosion and deposition for the last two glacial cycles as well as the entire late Pliocene-Quaternary. Specifically, we develop a history of erosion and deposition for the last two glacial cycles by scaling the erosion rate with the normalised global ice volume through time. We use the ice model ICE6G_C as a global ice history and calculate sea-level changes through time as a result of ice, water, and sediment loading using a global gravitationally self-consistent sea-level model. Our results show that geomorphic mass redistribution, excluding direct changes in ocean depth owing to erosion and deposition, has caused a sea-level fall of ≈50–100 m along the southern coast of Norway during the last two glacial cycles reaching ≈120 m in the offshore Skagerak region. During the late Pliocene-Quaternary, the total sea-level fall reach as much as ≈ 310 m in Skagerak. These results showcase the importance of erosion and deposition for the relative sea-level history of Scandinavia with implications for studies of ice-sheet history and regional glacial rebound in this region and elsewhere.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".