INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION IN THE INVESTIGATION OF BRIBERY CASES AT PT. GARUDA INDONESIA
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Bribery case at PT. Garuda Indonesia is a cross-jurisdictional corruption case involving several countries. The purpose of this research is to analyze the international cooperation carried out by the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK) in the investigation of bribery cases at PT. Garuda Indonesia. The research method used is a qualitative approach with a case study method. The data analysis used is the theory of international cooperation in dealing with corruption, jurisdictional theory, and the concept of transnational crime. The results of his research show that the bribery case at PT. Garuda involves multiple jurisdictions, namely: Indonesia, United Kingdom, Singapore, Hong Kong, France, and Canada. KPK-SFO-CPIB international cooperation process shows a new format of cooperation because it is carried out by the anti-corruption agency with a parallel investigations format. KPK cooperates with the agency through the MoU and MLA mechanisms referring to international instruments, namely the United Nations Convention Against Corruption (UNCAC). Even though the platform has been created, there are still many challenges and obstacles due to differences in the legal system, language and time. KPK encountered problems when it wanted to cooperate with Hong Kong's ICAC, Canada's RCMP, and France's PNF. The keys to the success of KPK in this collaboration are the diplomatic approach, speed of coordination, accuracy in strategies of communication, and commitment, as well as trust and adjustment of cooperation mechanisms according to the standards of each country.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".