Radio detections of two unusual cataclysmic variables in the VLA Sky Survey
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT We report two new radio detections of cataclysmic variables (CVs), and place them in context with radio and X-ray detections of other CVs. We detected QS Vir, a low accretion-rate CV; V2400 Oph, a discless intermediate polar; and recovered the polar AM Her in the Very Large Array Sky Survey 2–4 GHz radio images. The radio luminosities of these systems are higher than typically expected from coronal emission from stars of similar spectral types, and neither system is expected to produce jets, leaving the origin of the radio emission a puzzle. The radio emission mechanism for these two CVs may be electron–cyclotron maser emission, synchrotron radiation, or a more exotic process. We compile published radio detections of CVs, and X-ray measurements of these CVs, to illustrate their locations in the radio–X-ray luminosity plane, a diagnostic tool often used for X-ray binaries, active galactic nuclei, and radio stars. Several radio-emitting CVs, including these two newly detected CVs, seem to lie near the principal radio/X-ray track followed by black hole X-ray binaries at low luminosity, suggesting additional complexity in classifying unknown systems using their radio and X-ray luminosities alone.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".