Physical and mechanical performance of an HDPE geomembrane in 10 mining solutions with different pHs
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The degradation in physical and mechanical properties of a 1.5 mm thick HDPE geomembrane immersed in seven different low pH and three high pH simulated mining solutions is examined at temperatures between 95 and 40 °C for 3 years. The solutions with pH between 0.5 and 13.5 encompass solutions found in copper, nickel, uranium, gold, and silver heap leach pads. The geomembrane did not exhibit any chemical degradation during the three years of incubation in all the low-pH solutions. However, in the solutions with pH 9.5, 11.5, and 13.5, some of the geomembrane’s physical and mechanical properties are shown to reach nominal failure at 95 and 85 °C. While the geomembrane examined shows superior performance in the acidic environments than in the basic solutions examined, its performance in such extremely basic environments is still better than in neutral reduced municipal solid waste leachate. Using Arrhenius’ modelling, the predicted times for the antioxidant depletion stage of the geomembrane examined in composite liner configuration range between 31 years in pH 13.5 to 51 years in pH 0.5 for pad liners at 50 °C, exceeding a typical leaching period of the ore of around 20 years in different heap leaching operations.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".