Explicit numerical models for the prediction of plastic and weakening rockmass behaviour around a circular tunnel in isotropic and anisotropic stress conditions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The Geological Strength Index, GSI, is an assessment system for rockmass structure conditions (blockiness and discontinuity condition) based on the visual examination of exposed rockmass surfaces. The Generalized Hoek-Brown failure criterion is widely used with GSI to estimate the strength and stiffness of jointed rockmasses in traditional continuum numerical modelling. Modern numerical analysis tools allow networks of discrete structure to be represented with assigned properties based on site investigation data. In this paper, models with defined explicit structure are shown to yield similar results to implicit GSI-based models and provide more detailed information on the spatial variability of tunnel response when reasonable rockmass input parameters are estimated and calibrated. Once plastic explicit models are calibrated to give similar response to plastic implicit GSI-based models, explicit models using weakening joint and intact rock elements are used to determine appropriate post-yield strength and dilation parameters for use in implicit GSI-based modelling.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".