Analytical Modeling of Posttensioned C-Shaped CLT Core Walls
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Post-tensioned (PT) timber technology, also referred to as Pres-Lam (prestressed laminated timber) provides a low damage seismic design solution. So far PT timber research and practical implementation have focused on moment resisting frames, planar shear walls and coupled planar shear wall—or column-wall-column—systems and their analytical prediction models were adapted and extended from precast concrete to account for the unique characteristics of engineered timber. Following a recent experimental study on a PT cross-laminated timber (CLT) C-shaped core-wall system aiming to enhance lateral strength and stiffness, this paper presents an analytical framework/model to capture three unique kinematic rocking mechanisms for a PT C-shaped CLT core-wall system connected primarily with self-tapping screws. Depending on the relative stiffness of the screwed connections to the PT and the energy dissipaters, the model considers different kinematic responses, and that a staged kinematic response could occur at different imposed core-wall base connection rotations. It also accounts for the material inhomogeneity of CLT with nonedge glued lamella and implements a nonlinear spring model for the screwed connections calibrated from component testing and expected elastic core-wall deformations. The study showed that, for the given specimen configurations presented, the compressive flange wall could be neglected for a PT C-shaped CLT core wall. The analytical model was verified against three large-scale 8.6 m high PT C-shaped core-wall experimental tests and the model prediction error was within 10%. The analytical model was limited to capturing the envelope (push-over) curve of a four wall PT C-shaped CLT core-wall system.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it