Patterns of Intrathecal Ossification in Arachnoiditis Ossificans: A Retrospective Case Series
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Arachnoiditis ossificans is an uncommon end-stage appearance of chronic adhesive arachnoiditis. Imaging features of arachnoiditis ossificans are characteristic and should be diagnosed to avoid unnecessary intervention and guide prognosis and management. In this case series, we retrospectively analyzed CT and MR imaging of 41 patients to identify common patterns of intrathecal ossification and present the common etiologies. Thirty-two patients had a confirmed history of spinal instrumentation, 7 were discovered on imaging without prior surgical history, 1 had a history of ankylosing spondylitis, and 1 had trauma. The most frequent site of ossification was at the conus and cauda equina. Four patterns of ossification were identified, including central, nerve root encasing, weblike, and peripheral. Arachnoiditis ossificans is an important, likely under-recognized consideration in patients who present with back pain. Diagnosis can be made readily on CT; MR imaging diagnosis is also possible but may be challenging.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".