Protective Mechanisms of Carbon Monoxide and its Releasing Molecules against Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Intestinal Transplantation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The present study discusses recent advances in CO in intestinal transplantation, as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms of protection during the procurement, preservation, transplantation, and post-transplantation periods. A section of the chapter also discusses clinical translation of CO and its releasing molecules in the field of solid organ transplantation, as well as current translational challenges. Intestinal transplantation is a viable life-saving intervention reserved for patients with end-stage intestinal failure who are no longer able to receive total parenteral nutrition. This complex therapeutic procedure has received significant clinical attention over the last decade, demonstrating its evolution from an experimental beginning in the mid-20th century to a well-established clinical practise today. Despite several recent advances made in this field, there are several roadblocks that hamper the long-term success of intestinal transplantation. These include surgical manipulation during intestinal graft procurement, graft preservation and reperfusion damage resulting in poor graft quality, graft rejection, post-operative infectious complications, and ultimately negatively impacting long-term recipient survival. These challenges necessitate the search for new surgical techniques with potential to improve current intestinal transplantation protocol, reduce post-transplant complications and ensure long-term transplant recipient survival. Carbon monoxide (CO), a gas previously known for its toxicity and death at high concentrations, is rapidly evolving into a signalling molecule with biological usefulness and therapeutic potential at low physiological concentrations, which could overcome some of the challenges in current intestinal transplantation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.004 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".