Improving tensile properties by varying the welding conditions of the passes of the double-sided friction stir welding of AZ31B magnesium alloy
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The present study aims to improve the tensile properties of the double-sided friction stir welded joints of AZ31B magnesium alloy by simultaneously varying the process parameters of the 1st and 2nd passes based on the design matrix developed using response surface methodology . The twenty numbers of welded joints fabricated as per the design matrix were evaluated for tensile strength , followed by the microstructural characterization, microhardness evaluation, and fractographic analysis of the optimized welded joint . A strong interaction among the rotational speed of the 1st and 2nd passes was noticed on the ultimate tensile strength . The EBSD analysis of the optimized welded joint revealed that the mutual variation of the process parameters for 1st and 2nd passes led to the inhomogeneous distribution of fine and ultra-fine grains within the overlap region (OR). The extensive grain refinement in the OR compared to the stir zones (SZ) of 1st and 2nd passes significantly improved the microhardness of the joint, followed by the attainment of ≈ 84 % joint efficiency and ∼ 12 % percentage elongation. The fractographic analysis of the fractured tensile specimen revealed the mixed brittle and ductile fracture morphology for the DS-FSW joint as compared to the dominating ductile fracture behavior for the base material. The abnormal texture variation introduced within the interface of the OR and SZ of the 1st pass formed the weakest bonded region of the optimized DS-FSW joint.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
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Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it