Associations of pregnancy and early childhood phthalate exposures with adolescent lipid levels and insulin resistance: The HOME Study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background and Aim: Early-life phthalate exposures may disrupt metabolism, but few prospective studies have assessed their association with cardiometabolic outcomes during adolescence. We investigated associations of pregnancy and childhood urinary phthalate biomarker concentrations with serum lipids and insulin resistance at age 12-years. Methods: We used data from 183 mother-adolescent pairs in a prospective cohort study that enrolled pregnant women in Cincinnati, OH from 2003-2006. We quantified nine phthalate metabolites in spot urine samples collected twice from mothers during pregnancy and up to seven times from children at ages 1-5, 8, and 12 years. At age 12 years, we assessed triglycerides, high-density (HDL) and low-density (LDL) lipoprotein cholesterol, insulin, and glucose from fasting serum samples and calculated homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance. Using a multiple informant model, we estimated covariate-adjusted associations between phthalate concentrations at each time period and cardiometabolic biomarkers at age 12 years and assessed modification by child sex. Results: Overall, we observed weak or null associations of phthalate biomarker concentrations with lipid levels and insulin resistance. Urinary Monoethyl (MEP), Mono-n-butyl (MnBP), Mono-isobutyl (MiBP), and Monobenzyl (MBzP) biomarkers were generally associated with lower LDL at age 12 years. For example, a 10-fold increase in 4- and 12-year MEP was associated with -15.3 mg/dL (95% CI: -27.5, -3.13 mg/dL) and -11.8 mg/dL (-22.0, -1.51 mg/dL) lower levels of 12-year LDL, respectively. Inverse associations were generally stronger in females than males. For example, a 10-fold increase in 3-year MEP concentrations was associated with 12.0 mg/dL (95% CI: -7.11, 31.1 mg/dL) higher LDL levels in males and -30.4 mg/dL (95% CI: -50.9, -9.83 mg/dL) lower LDL levels in females. Conclusions: Early-life phthalate concentrations may be associated with exposure period- and sex-dependent differences in LDL during early adolescence in this cohort. Keywords: Children’s health, metabolic disruptors, phthalates, insulin resistance, lipids
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".