Allergen bronchoprovocation: correlation between FEV1 maximal percent fall and area under the FEV1 curve and impact of allergen on recovery
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Background House dust mite (HDM) induces greater responses than other allergens during allergen bronchoprovocation (ABP) testing. The two standardized methods for reporting results of ABP tests are the maximal percent fall in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV 1, max ; %) and the area under the FEV 1 vs time curve (AUC; %FEV 1 x min). The relationship between these methods has not been previously investigated. Aims We aimed to measure the correlation between FEV 1, max and AUC during the early asthmatic response (EAR) and the late asthmatic response (LAR), and to determine if the EAR recovery period for HDM would be longer than other allergens (cat, grass, horse, and ragweed). Methods We retrospectively calculated the AUC and correlation between FEV 1, max and AUC during the EAR (0-2 h) and LAR (3-7 h) for each allergen. We compared EAR (0-3 h) and LAR (3-7 h) FEV 1, max , AUC and absolute difference in FEV 1, max to the most recovered FEV 1 (FEV 1, min ). We performed pairwise comparisons of correlation and slope values using Fischer’s r to z transformation and t-tests, respectively. AUC and absolute differences in FEV 1, max and FEV 1, min were compared using a one-way ANOVA test, followed by a post-hoc Scheffe test. Results Correlation between the FEV 1, max and AUC during the EAR (0-2 h) (n = 221) was 0.807, and was 0.798 during the LAR (3-7 h) (n = 157 of 221), (difference p = 0.408). The EAR (0-3 h) AUC and FEV 1, max did differ between allergens (both p < 0.0001) but the LAR (3-7 h) AUC and FEV 1, max did not (p = 0.548 and 0.824, respectively). HDM did not have a larger AUC or FEV 1, max , than all other allergens during the EAR (0-3 h) or the LAR (3-7 h) . The absolute difference between the FEV 1, max and FEV 1, min during the EAR (0-3 h) did not differ between allergens (p = 0.180). Conclusion The FEV 1, max and AUC for both the EAR (0-2 h) and LAR (3-7 h) had excellent correlation, with no significant difference. Thus, significant bronchoconstriction will likely result in a longer recovery period. There was no evidence of delayed EAR (0-3 h) recovery following HDM challenges, so HDM did not induce a larger response compared to all the other allergens examined. Registration: Not registered. This is not a clinical trial. (This study is a retrospective analysis of data collected during several registered trials.)
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".