Prognostic Significance of Severe Vitamin D Deficiency in Patients with Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency has been linked with adverse events in various liver diseases. The present study aimed to recognize the association between severe vitamin D deficiency and disease progression, hepatobiliary malignancies, liver-related mortality, and the need for liver transplantation in primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). Patients with a diagnosis of PSC (n = 354), followed by the autoimmune liver disease clinic at the University of Alberta, were included. Patients with vitamin D levels < 25 nmol/L were defined as severely deficient. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted using the Cox proportional hazards regression models. The mean vitamin D level was 59 ± 2 nmol/L, and 63 patients (18%) had a severe vitamin D deficiency. Patients with a severe vitamin D deficiency were 2.5 times more likely to experience hepatobiliary malignancies (HR 2.55, 95% CI, 1.02–6.40, p = 0.046). A severe vitamin D deficiency at diagnosis (HR 1.82, 95% CI, 1.05–3.15, p = 0.03) and persistent deficiencies over time (HR 2.26, 95% CI, 1.17–4.37, p = 0.02) were independently associated with a higher risk of poor clinical liver outcomes. A severe vitamin D deficiency at diagnosis and persistent deficiency at longitudinal assessments were associated with liver-related mortality or the need for liver transplantation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".