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Record W4317824463 · doi:10.55365/1923.x2022.20.97

Fintech and Financial Inclusion in Saudi Arabia

2022· article· en· W4317824463 on OpenAlex
Shoaib Khan, Fahad Alhadi

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

venuePublished in a venue whose home country is Canada.
no affNo Canadian affiliation: this work is invisible to an affiliation-only frame.
No Canadian affiliation. An affiliation-only frame, the usual design, would never have seen this work. It is one of the works that make the case for inverting the frame.

Bibliographic record

VenueReview of Economics and Finance · 2022
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldEconomics, Econometrics and Finance
TopicMicrofinance and Financial Inclusion
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsFinancial inclusionInclusion (mineral)FinanceFinancial servicesDiversification (marketing strategy)BusinessFinancial intermediaryProbit modelEconomicsFinancial systemMarketing

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

The study explores the determinants of financial inclusion, barriers to financial inclusion, and the motivation for saving and credit through the formal financial sector.It further points out how Fintech could be used to enhance financial inclusion.The study uses the World Bank Global Findex Database 2017 survey.The survey is based on the feedback of more than 1000 individual participants.The probit estimation technique is employed to achieve the study objectives.Being male, educated, and rich are financially inclusive, especially high income and old age group.Financial inclusion has not been successful to eradicate inequality among various groups.Among individual characteristics, education significantly reduces the barriers to financial inclusion, the females are less motivated to save or borrow from financial institutions.Young individuals are likely to borrow for the purchase of a house or land but not for business.Elderly people are motivated to save for their old age.The distance and the cost of formal financial services along with the lack of documentation are the main barriers to financial inclusion.As per our knowledge, it is the first study that explores the various aspects of financial inclusion in the country, along with the review of the Fintech system.And suggesting how the Fintech system could enhance financial inclusion in the country.More comprehensive study including the Fintech variables and comparative studies with other regional economies considering the latest available data is suggested.The findings can help the policymakers, to formulate policies that can enhance financial inclusion through Fintech.The diversification and expansion of financial services could enhance financial inclusion, particularly for businesses at individual levels, and for SMEs.More importantly, it will contribute to achieving the financial sector objectives of Vision 2030.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Theoretical or conceptual · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.850
Threshold uncertainty score0.985

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0010.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.002
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.018
GPT teacher head0.220
Teacher spread0.202 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it