Comparing late‐onset epileptic spasm outcomes after corpus callosotomy and subsequent disconnection surgery between post‐encephalitis/encephalopathy and non‐encephalitis/encephalopathy
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: We aimed to analyze the efficiency of corpus callosotomy (CC) and subsequent disconnection surgeries in patients with late-onset epileptic spasms (LOES) by comparing post-encephalitis/encephalopathy (PE) and non-encephalitis/encephalopathy (NE). We hypothesized these surgeries can control potential focal onset epileptic spasms (ES) in the NE group but not in the PE group. METHODS: We retrospectively included 23 patients (12 with PE and 11 with NE) who initially underwent CC and subsequent disconnection surgeries (five NE). We compared the clinical courses, seizure types, MRI, video-EEG, epilepsy surgery, and seizure outcomes between the two groups. RESULTS: The median age of LOES onset in the PE group was 2.8 (range 1.0-10.1 years) and 2.9 years (range 1.1-12.6) in the NE group. Bilateral MRI abnormalities were observed in both groups (PE, n = 12; NE, n = 3; P < 0.05). The PE group presented ES alone (n = 2), ES + focal seizures (FS) (n = 3), ES + generalized seizures (GS) (n = 3), and ES + FS + GS (n = 4) in addition to stimulus-induced startle seizures (SS) (n = 8) (mean 3.1 seizure types/patient). The NE group presented ES alone (n = 1), ES + FS (n = 2), and ES + FS + GS (n = 8) (mean 2.7 seizure types/patient). In the PE group, CC stopped ES (n = 1) and SS (n = 1) and achieved <50% SS (n = 3). In the NE group, CC achieved immediate ES-free status (n = 2) and < 50% ES (n = 1), and additional disconnection surgeries subsided all seizure types (n = 3) based on lateralized interictal/ictal EEG findings. LOES was significantly remitted by surgery in the NE group (6/11 [55%]) compared with the PE group (1/12 [8%]) (P < 0.05). SIGNIFICANCE: LOES is a drug-resistant, focal/generalized/unknown onset ES. Lateralization of ES in NE could be achieved after CC and eliminated by further disconnection surgeries because of potential focal onset ES. LOES in PE had little benefit from CC for generalized onset ES. However, CC might reduce SS in patients in the PE group with multiple seizure types.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".