Matrine can be absorbed and transmitted bidirectionally to defend against aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on wheat and pepper
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Background Although matrine is widely used, its absorption and transport mechanisms in crops remain unexplored. In this study, three methods including foliar application, hydroponics and seed immersion were used to investigate whether matrine molecules could enter into plants through different channels, and to further resolve its transport characteristics. The systemic activity of matrine also was evaluated. Result Matrine was quickly absorbed and transported downwards after the leaves of wheat or peppers were treated, and also accumulated and transmitted upwards by roots. It was not only absorbed by seeds, but also appeared continuously in young roots and leaves in both plants for nearly 20 days. There were some differences in the uptake and conduction of matrine between pepper and wheat: matrine concentrated in pepper upper leaves with less delivered downwards to roots than in wheat, and also transduction of matrine in pepper lower leaves upwards to upper leaves was less than in wheat. Matrine had systemic activity, with LC50 of 361.99 and 904.24 μg·mL−1 against Rhopalosiphum padib on wheat and Myzus persicae (Sulzer) on pepper plants at 48 h, separately. Conclusion Matrine can be absorbed by the roots, seeds and leaves of plants, and transmitted bidirectionally to any organs, presenting satisfactory systemic poisoning activity against aphids. It is of great significance to develop new formulation products of matrine and promote its commercialized value. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".