Association of postpartum medication practices with early breastfeeding cessation among mothers with chronic conditions: A prospective cohort study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Use of medications is a common concern for breastfeeding women, particularly when they are strongly needed or unavoidable to manage maternal chronic conditions. Yet the influence of medication usage patterns on breastfeeding duration in mothers with chronic conditions is unclear. The objective of this study was to examine whether postpartum medication practices were associated with shorter breastfeeding duration or earlier than planned breastfeeding cessation among mothers with chronic conditions. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We analyzed 346 mothers with chronic conditions enrolled in a prospective, community-based pregnancy cohort study (Alberta, Canada) who initiated breastfeeding after birth. Data were collected through self-report questionnaires spanning late pregnancy to 6 months postpartum. Based on reported use of preexisting medications while breastfeeding, women were classified as continuing medications (reference group), discontinuing one or more medications, or those who did not use preexisting medications. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to analyze the association of medication practices and overall breastfeeding duration in weeks. Logistic regression was used to analyze the association of medication practices and earlier than planned breastfeeding cessation. Multivariable models adjusted for demographic and health-related factors. RESULTS: Overall, 30.6% of women with chronic conditions stopped breastfeeding in the first 6 months, almost all of whom did so earlier than planned. In multivariable models, medication discontinuation was significantly associated with shorter breastfeeding duration (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 1.67, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03-2.70) and earlier than planned breastfeeding cessation (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.85, 95% CI 1.01-3.42), whereas medication non-use was not associated with differences in breastfeeding outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Women with chronic conditions who discontinued preexisting medications while breastfeeding had significantly shorter breastfeeding duration and were less likely to meet their breastfeeding goals in the first 6 months postpartum compared to women who continued preexisting medications.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".