Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Within months of the publication of the final part of the first edition of Skeat’s Etymological dictionary of the English language, the compiler of the leading English etymological dictionary of the 1860s and 1870s, Hensleigh Wedgwood, published a volume of animadversions: Contested etymologies in the dictionary of the Rev. W.W. Skeat (1882). In this paper, I examine Wedgwood’s Contested etymologies, with particular attention to its treatment of non-linguistic historical information; its common-sense arguments about semantic development; its attitude to reconstructed forms; its use of lexical material from non-standard language varieties; its comparativistic breadth; and its relationship to the great tradition of nineteenth-century comparative philology. Skeat’s dictionary superseded Wedgwood’s, and to that extent, the Contested etymologies were the last protest of an old school of etymological scholarship against the work of a new age. But I argue that the gulf between Wedgwood and Skeat should not be exaggerated. Skeat emended fifty of the two hundred entries on which Wedgwood commented to take some account of the older scholar’s criticisms, and even today, Wedgwood’s Contested etymologies, like his dictionary, still has stimulating material to offer its readers.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it