Fresh, Hardened, and Microstructural Properties of Ambient Cured One-Part Alkali-Activated Self-Consolidating Concrete
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Several studies have investigated the properties of alkali-activated materials (AAM), considering it as a substitute of cementitious concrete. However, the studies on alkali-activated self-consolidating concrete (AASCC) are extremely limited. This paper investigated the properties of AASCCs utilizing ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) as the main precursor. Single, binary, and ternary AASCCs were produced using fly ash Class-F (FA) and silica fumes (SF) as a replacement for GGBFS. The fresh properties including filing ability, passing ability and stability, as well as the hardened properties including unconfined compressive strength, ultrasonic pulse velocity, electrical resistivity, absorption, and sorptivity of the ambient cured one-part AASCC mixtures with different precursor blends were investigated. In addition, the microstructural properties of 90-day AASCC blends were studied by various microscale analysis methods. This paper demonstrated that the higher fraction of sodium carbonate/silicate activators, ranging from 20% to 25%, contributed to delayed reaction kinetics and satisfactory fresh and mechanical properties in all systems due to their nature. Slag replacement with variable SF or FA class-F ratios, instead, could indeed adjust the particle size distribution of the total binder material and improve the fresh concrete characteristics in binary and ternary systems. Finally, the formation of various reaction products and binding gels, i.e., C-(N)A-S-H, was found to have a significant impact on several transport mechanisms, including capillary sorptivity, permeable pores, and bulk electrical resistivity.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".