Bibliographic record
Abstract
Indeterminate sentences are uniquely reserved for two classes of offenders, dangerous offenders and individuals designated not criminally responsible on account of mental disorder. These sentences effectively keep individuals in constant jeopardy before a Parole or Review Board. This paper reviews the constitutionality of these regulatory schemes under Section 12 of the Charter; its prohibition against “cruel and unusual treatment or punishment.” In this paper, I examine the legislative and jurisprudential development of the regimes, and their impact on individuals given these designations. The paper argues that the regimes result in a gross and systemic violation of the rights of individuals who have been given indeterminate sentences. It finally argues that there is also a moral imperative to reject any indefinite detention that is not subject to judicial review. This paper discusses and seeks to bring attention to the unfair and unconstitutional treatment of two vulnerable groups in our judicial system. Through greater visibility, the author hopes to put pressure on our legal system and the government to review these types of sentences and their true impact on individual rights and freedoms.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.013 | 0.030 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.010 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.006 | 0.007 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".