Association between haemoglobin A<sub>1c</sub> and whole‐body heat loss during exercise‐heat stress in physically active men with type 2 diabetes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Type 2 diabetes is associated with a reduced capacity to dissipate heat. It is unknown whether this impairment is related to glycaemic control (indexed by glycated haemoglobin; haemoglobin A 1c ) is unknown. We evaluated the association between haemoglobin A 1c and whole‐body heat loss (via direct calorimetry), body core temperature, and heart rate in 26 physically active men with type 2 diabetes (43–73 years; HbA 1c 5.1–9.1%) during exercise at increasing rates of metabolic heat production (∼150, 200, 250 W m −2 ) in the heat (40°C, ∼17% relative humidity). Haemoglobin A 1c was not associated with whole‐body heat loss ( P = 0.617), nor the increase in core temperature from pre‐exercise ( P = 0.347). However, absolute core temperature and heart rate were elevated ∼0.2°C ( P = 0.014) and ∼6 beats min −1 ( P = 0.049), respectively, with every percentage point increase in haemoglobin A 1c . Thus, while haemoglobin A 1c does not appear to modify diabetes‐related reductions in capacity for heat dissipation, it may still have important implications for physiological strain during exercise‐heat stress.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".