Analysis of motor characteristics of reaching movements in children with cerebral palsy
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Studies confirm that children with cerebral palsy (CwCP) have difficulty with simple, everyday movements like reaching for objects. Accurate reaching requires that shoulder and elbow joints are coordinated to move the hand along a smooth path to the desired target location. Here we examined multijoint coordination by comparing reaching performance in the affected and unaffected limbs of CwCP (nine children, six girls and three boys, aged 8-10 years) to reaching performance in the non-dominant and dominant limbs of typically-developing age- and gender-matched control (CTR) children. The hypothesis was that CwCP would show the effects of coordination deficits in both their affected and unaffected limbs. All children performed two sessions (one session with each arm) of speeded reaching movements to three targets arranged to manipulate the required pattern of shoulder and elbow coordination. The movements were tracked with a motion tracker allowing us to assess the following measures: movement distance, duration, and speed, hand-path deviation from linearity, final position accuracy and precision, and measures of shoulder and elbow excursion. We found that CwCP made reaches that covered a greater distance and took more time, that their shoulder and elbow rotations were larger, and that their movements showed greater deviation from linearity than the movements performed by CTR children. Children with CP were also more variable than CTR children on every measure except movement duration. The pattern of shoulder and elbow rotation observed in the CwCP group represents a coordination pattern that is significantly different from the pattern used by CTR children and may represent a greater reliance by CwCP on proximal muscular control systems. The discussion section considers the role that the cortical-spinal system may play in multijoint coordination.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".