Prevalence of HIV, Sexual Practices and Behaviors among Men Who Have Sex with Men in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a deadly sex-transmitted infection (STI) that remains a worldwide public health concern. Despite the progress recorded in the HIV prevention, we still observe high HIV prevalence especially among Men who have sex with Men (MSM). Within this latter group, the prevalence of HIV is reported to be higher and can therefore be transposed into the general population through the bisexuals. In the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), the response to HIV/AIDS among MSM requires updated data on the magnitude of the infection, the sexual practices and behaviors which are key factors in the pandemic spread. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of HIV and to describe the sexual practices and behaviors among MSM recruited in Kinshasa, DRC. We conducted a prospective cross-sectional study from March 2014 to December 2017 to recruit MSM through the snowball technique in Kinshasa, DRC. Our data were collected on a paper-printed questionnaire via an interview followed by whole blood sample collection for ELISA assays. Of 323 MSM recruited, the MSM were single in 88.5% (286/323) and bisexuals in 61.7% (195/316). Nine percent of them were HIV positive (30/323) at the ELISA assays. The prevalence of HIV was 40% (12/30) in the 21-25 age group; 50% (15/30) in MSM with superior education level; 85.1% (23/27) among single MSM. Almost the quarter of the MSM had > 5 homosexual partners in the last six months; 5.5% (18/323) had more than 20 homosexual intercourses while 13.3% (43/323) of them contracted 3-5 heterosexual sex acts in the last three months. During anal intercourses, 34.4% (110/319) played a passive role versus 24.1% (77/319) for a versatile role. The condom use was systematically reported in 27.2% (87/319) of participants. The MSM were one time likely to the HIV infection when they had a high education level [aOR 3.63(1.37-9.57)]. The fact of practicing more than three types of intercourse-anal, oral and others was five times more likely to be at risk for the HIV acquisition [aOR 5.31 (1.26-22.30)]. This study reports a high prevalence of HIV among MSM which is associated with the high-risk sexual practices and behaviors such as the bisexuality, the multiple sexual partners, and the diversity of anal intercourses.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".