The Impact of the <scp>COVID</scp>‐19 Pandemic on Care Partners of People with Parkinson's Disease
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Since the onset of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, the caregiving routine for care partners of people with Parkinson's disease (PwPD) changed substantially. Objectives: To understand the nature and severity of burden in care partners of PwPD during the ongoing pandemic. We also sought to describe care partners' perceived change in burden and factors associated with increased burden. Methods: Cross-sectional online questionnaire-based study among care partners of PwPD, registered in the Fox Insight study. The questionnaire consisted of the Modified Caregiver Strain Index, whether an aspect of strain had changed over the course of the pandemic and additional pandemic-specific infection and lifestyle-related items. Results: Two hundred seventy-three non-paid primary care partners responded to the questionnaire, 73% female with a median age at enrollment of 64 years, 56% reporting a household income greater than 75,000 USD per year, and 61% retired. An increase in burden compared to before the pandemic was prevalent, ranging from 33% to 63% for individual items. Emotional strain increased most frequently (63%). Decreases in burden were uncommon; work adjustments (7%) and time demands (6%) decreased most frequently. PD-related factors and care partner roles in personal care of the PwPD were the factors that were associated with strain in multivariable analysis, whereas social and pandemic-related factors were not. Conclusion: In this affluent and mostly retired cohort, increases in emotional strain during the pandemic were prevalent. Despite this, caregiving roles in personal care and severity of symptoms in the PwPD were more strongly associated with strain than social and pandemic-related factors.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.007 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".