The Asymmetry Within: A Renewed Look at Cupid’s Bow in Unilateral Cleft Lip
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective: All unilateral cleft lip (UCL) repair techniques assume and describe a displaced or obliquely rotated Cupid’s bow within the cleft prolabium. This is true, but there is more. A focused anatomic description of the prolabium, and the configuration of Cupid’s bow within the prolabium, in UCL is deficient in the literature. The purpose of this study was to analyze the prolabium in unmanipulated (pre-NAM, pre-surgical) UCL patients, with or without palatal clefts, with emphasis on the size, shape, and symmetry of the Cupid’s bow within the prolabium itself. In addition, a geometric analysis conveys the most efficient location for incisional correction of the “asymmetry within” Cupid’s bow. Methods: Standardized frontal photographs of 37 infants with UCL were studied by experienced craniofacial team members. Cupid’s bow landmarks were identified and prolabial angles (perpendicular through valley to bow height) were recorded on both the cleft and non-cleft sides. Three groups were analyzed (all n=37, complete n=22, incomplete n=15). Unpaired t-test and two-tailed t-test were utilized for statistical analysis. A geometric linear analysis was preformed to show incisional length and location for correction of the asymmetric Cupid’s bow. Results: Significant intrinsic Cupid’s bow asymmetry within the prolabium was present in all groups. This asymmetry was exhibited by significance (p<.0001) between angles in all groups. For all UCL the mean difference between angles was 4.992 degrees. (p<.0001) The largest mean difference was 7.608 degrees (95% CI: 4.927-10.289 degrees; p < 0.0001) in the incomplete group. Conclusions: In UCL not only is the prolabium with its concomitant Cupid’s bow rotated upwards into the cleft, but there exists a significant intrinsic asymmetry of the Cupid’s bow itself within the prolabium. This intrinsically asymmetric Cupid’s bow is then rotated upwards into the cleft itself. This finding has yet to be described in the cleft literature. Furthermore, a linear geometric equation describes incisional locations and lengths within the prolabium for correcting the Cupid’s bow asymmetry. This finding enhances our anatomic understanding of UCL and has significant importance when selecting surgical repair techniques. Corresponding Author: Ellie Gschwendtner, 2365 Orchard Circle Dr. Unit 13, Traverse City, MI 49686
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".