Conversion to <scp>AbobotulinumtoxinA</scp> Increases Waning Time and Efficacy for Cervical Dystonia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Symptom re-emergence before re-injection negatively impacts cervical dystonia (CD) patients receiving botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) therapy. Longer waning time is associated with abobotulinumtoxinA (abo-BoNT-A) as compared to onabotulinumtoxinA (ona-BoNT-A)/incobotulinumtoxinA (inco-BoNT-A) formulations. Objectives: To compare waning time and treatment outcomes when chronically injected CD patients experiencing early waning despite being optimized on BoNT-A (ona-BoNT-A/inco-BoNT-A) were converted to abo-BoNT-A. Methods: Thirty-three chronically injected CD participants with a waning time of ≤8 weeks were converted to abo-BoNT-A (1:2.5 dose ratio) for three injections every 12-weeks. The second and third injection patterns were kinematically optimized. Participants were converted back to their original BoNT-A for the fourth injection (1:2.5) using the same third abo-BoNT-A pattern. Participant-perceived waning times were collected post-injections. Clinical scales (Toronto Western Spasmodic Torticollis Rating Scale (TWSTRS)) and kinematic measures were collected 12-weeks post-injection and at three peak effect time-points. Results: < 0.0001) and at peak effect following the third injection compared to original BoNT-A. Dysphagia and muscle weakness were reported and comparable to safety of original BoNT-A formulations. Conclusions: Optimized patients experiencing waning had significant improvement in the peak benefit as well as the duration of effect when converted to abo-BoNT-A. This effect was toxin dependent as reconversion to the original BoNT-A using the kinematically optimized pattern failed to produce an improvement in waning.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".