Dental Education, Is it a Cause for Anxiety and Parafunctional Habits for Dental Students, A Cross Sectional Study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Dental anxiety and parafunctional habits are common in all societies and vary in intensity with physical and psychological implications. A large body of literature examining stress in under- graduate dental students has revealed a significant increase in stress that intensifies with students’ year of study. The aim of the present study is to find whether anxiety and parafunctional habits are common among dental students in Ahram Canadian Dental School. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study, has been conducted on randomly selected dental students from the first and fifth year (Faculty of Dentistry, Ahram Canadian University) with a total 84 students from both levels. Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM_A scale) had been used to examine the anxiety. History was taken as well as clinical examination was performed to measure parafunctional habits. Data were collected, statically analyzed to obtain results. Results: It was found that students in the fifth year showed higher tension and depressed mode than students in the first year. However, students in level one showed higher fear and respiratory symptoms than students of the fifth year. First year students also revealed a higher parafunctional habit as nail biting than those of fifth year. Conclusion: According to HAM_A scale there was a positive relation between parafunctional habits and anxiety among dental students. First year students showed higher scores of fear and insomnia than those of fifth year. Fifth year students showed higher scores of tension and depressed mode than those of first year. Recommendations: Providing support programs and preventive measures to help students, especially those who are susceptible to higher levels of psychological conditions
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".