Ultra-stable aqueous zinc-ion battery enabled by highly reversible Zn2+/Na+ co-intercalation chemistry
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Rechargeable aqueous zinc-ion batteries (RAZBs) are a promising prospect among next-generation batteries because of their low cost and high safety, but they still suffer from severe electrochemical irreversibility. Herein, we report an ultra-stable RAZB enabled by reversible Zn2+/Na+ co-intercalation chemistry in the vanadium cathode. The additional de-/intercalation of Na+ besides Zn2+ alleviates the collapse of the vanadium-based cathode during cycling and significantly boosts the kinetics and stability of the full battery. We also find that this co-intercalation chemistry is applicable to a wide range of vanadium materials, all of which exhibit significantly enhanced cycle life and rate performance. In particular, the Zn0.3Na0.43V2O5 cathode that is combined with this co-intercalation mechanism retains over 90% of its capacity after 4,000 cycles with a discharge capacity of 209 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1. The proposed Zn2+/Na+ co-intercalation chemistry provides the grounds for RAZB to reach the next stage in electrochemical performance.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".